COMBUSTIBLE METALS

List of Combustible Metals or Metal Compounds:

If your laboratory contains combustible metals or combustible metal compounds, you will need to have a type D fire extinguisher.

In the event of a fire, types A, B, and C fire extinguishing agents will react with combustible metals. Therefore, unique agents such as potassium and sodium are used in type D fire extinguishers to put out fires with combustible metals.

The following is a list of combustible metals that require a type D fire extinguisher:

aluminum phosphide aluminum (powder) beryllium (powder) calcium calcium carbide cerium cesium gallium arsenide gallium phosphide lithium lithium aluminum deuteride lithium aluminum hydride lithium aluminum hydride bis(tetrahydrofuran) lithium amide

lithium borohydride lithium-6 deuteride lithium hydride lithium tetraphenylborate tris(1,2-dimethoxyethane) lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride lutetium magnesium hydride magnesium and magnesium alloys neodymium nickel catalyst (Raney) phosphorus phosphorus pentasulfide potassium potassium hydride

potassium-sodium alloys Red-Al rubidium sodium sodium aluminum hydride sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride in toluene sodium borohydride sodium borohydride cobalt-doped sodium borohydride on alumina sodium hydride strontium titanium (powder) zinc phosphide zinc (powder) zirconium (powder)

Bulk pieces of these metals are typically difficult to ignite; their finely divided forms readily burn. Finely divided forms are regarded as pyrophoric and water-reactive substances to varying degrees. They include dusts, powders, chips, turnings, flakes, punching, borings, ribbons and shaving.

Pyrophoric is substance that will ignite spontaneously in air.

SOURCE : CHEMISTRY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, 4th EDITION, 2005

Prepared by:

Safety and Health Division, Department of Development and Asset Management, UPSI

http://oshinupsi.blogspot.com

Keselamatan pekerja di jalan raya

TRAGEDI kemalangan di Lebuh Raya Utara Selatan berdekatan sempadan Negeri Sembilan dan Melaka yang mengorbankan 13 nyawa dan mencederakan 40 yang lain baru-baru ini adalah satu tamparan kepada usaha kita untuk mengurangkan kemalangan jalan raya. Saya turut berkongsi kesedihan yang di tanggung oleh keluarga mangsa korban.

Seperti lazimnya satu siasatan akan di jalankan untuk mengenal pasti punca tragedi ini. Kerisauan saya yang amat sangat ialah adakah pengusaha pengangkutan awam dan pihak bertanggungjawab yang lain telah mengambil iktibar atau belajar daripada tragedi buruk sebelum ini untuk mencegah kehilangan nyawa dan kecederaan serius.

Setiap kali tragedi berlaku, kita melihat jari dan mendengar pelbagai siasatan dijalankan tetapi sudahkah kita belajar darpada pengalaman pahit itu dan melaksanakan cadangan-cadangan yang diajukan. Setakat mana pengusaha pengangkutan awam mengguna pakai pendekatan proaktif pengurusan risiko pekerjaan jalan raya (Occupational Road Risk) yang boleh membantu mencegah lebih banyak tragedi di jalan raya kita daripada terus berlaku.

Majikan mempunyai tanggungjawab moral untuk mengadaptasi pendekatan proaktif pengurusan risiko pekerjaan jalan raya.

Dalam mencapai matlamat keselamatan jalan raya kebangsaan, iaitu sasaran menurunkan 40 peratus kadar kemalangan maut di Malaysia dalam jangka masa lima tahun dan membantu mengurangkan kadar semasa sebanyak 4.9 kematian bagi setiap 10,000 kenderaan kepada 3 kematian pada 2010 dan 2 kematian pada tahun 2020, majikan perlu melakukan semua yang perlu dan praktikal bukan sahaja untuk menjamin keselamatan jalan raya kepada pekerjanya malah kepada penumpang dan orang ramai.

Majikan perlu mengambil tanggungjawab merubah sikap pemandu dan tingkah laku pekerja. Mereka mesti memastikan pengunaan kenderaan yang selamat, menyediakan latihan kepada pemandu untuk mencegah kemalangan jalan raya di samping memastikan bahawa pemandu yang mempunyai rekod buruk tidak dibenarkan memandu sama sekali.

Majikan juga mempunyai tugas untuk melindungi pekerja dan penguna jalan raya lain dengan menguna pakai pendekatan pengurusan risiko jalan raya untuk mengawal kerugian ketara ke atas perniagaan akibat kemalangan ketika bertugas termasuk bukan sahaja kerugian secara langsung kos kemalangan tetapi juga kehilangan masa kakitangan, kadar premium insurans yang tinggi dan gambaran terhadap orang ramai.

Tiada suatu perniagaan yang sanggup membiarkan prestasi keselamatan kenderaan perniagaan mereka bergantung kepada nasib. Wang dan nyawa boleh berada dalam keadaan bahaya. Setiap perjalanan harus menjadi suatu perjalanan yang terurus dan bukannya suatu yang diambil sambil lewa atau berserah kepada nasib.

Melainkan suatu organisasi itu merancang untuk menguruskan risiko pekerjaan di jalan raya dan juga memantau setiap urusan tersebut, organisasi itu mungkin perlu membayar premium insurans yang sangat tinggi.

Sumber-sumber yang sepatutnya digunakan untuk mendatangkan keuntungan kepada perniagaan mungkin terpaksa dibelanjakan dalam mengendalikan urusan setelah berlakunya kemalangan.

Pesanan ini adalah jelas iaitu uruskan risiko pekerjaan di jalan raya agar perniagaan anda dapat terus mengaut keuntungan. Majikan harus sentiasa menaksir kepiawaian keselamatan jalan raya organisasi mereka.

Syarikat yang mengambil tindakan untuk mempromosikan keselamatan kakitangan mereka sewaktu memandu akan mencapai penjimatan kos yang besar, mempertingkatkan imej dan menyumbang secara signifikan kepada pencapaian matlamat keselamatan jalan raya.

Majikan yang prihatin terhadap keselamatan dan kebajikan pekerja mereka juga dapat membantu menangani masalah kemalangan semasa perjalanan dengan cara-cara berikut:

* Mengadakan suatu polisi bertulis yang mewajibkan pemandu bas ekspres supaya mengikuti latihan pemanduan selamat dan penggunaan ciri-ciri kenderaan selamat.

* Mengendalikan pemeriksaan ke atas pemandu-pemandu prospektif sebelum mereka diambil bekerja, khasnya berkenaan salah guna dadah. Melakukan pemeriksaan secara rambang terhadap semua pemandu bas untuk mengelakkan isu penagihan dadah.

* Memastikan bahawa semua pemandu bas mematuhi had kelajuan yang ditetapkan di jalan raya dan lain-lain peraturan jalan raya.

* Memastikan dan mengadakan prosedur bertulis yang berkenaan dengan penyelenggaraan semua kenderaan yang dimiliki oleh majikan.

* Mengadakan jadual dan menghadkan waktu perkhidmatan pemandu mengikut peraturan. Jangan biarkan pekerja memandu dalam keadaan keletihan.

* Memastikan semua pemandu bas dibayar gaji berpatutan agar mereka tidak terpaksa memandu bas untuk mendapat gaji yang lebih tanpa menghirau keselamatan diri dan penumpang.

* Mewujudkan budaya kerja selamat dan sihat di kalangan semua pemandu bas ekspres melalui penerapan nilai-nilai keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan.

TAN SRI LEE LAM THYE

Pengerusi Institut Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (NIOSH)

SUMBER : UTUSAN MALAYSIA

LANGKAH KESELAMATAN KETIKA KILAT SERTA RIBUT PETIR

1. Kilat berlaku sebelum, semasa dan selepas hujan.

2. Ambil langkah keselamatan apabila kilat berlaku 6 batu (9.6 km) dari tempat kita berada. Untuk mengira jarak kilat gunakan teknik "Flash to Bang" (Kilat ke Guruh). Kiraan 5 saat dari masa kilat kelihatan dan guruh kedengaran ialah jarak 1 batu. (10 saat = 2 batu, 20 saat = 4 batu , 30 saat = 6 batu). Sekiranya tempoh antara kilat dan guruh ialah kurang daripada 30 saat, langkah keselamatan berikut hendaklah diambil.

3. Hanya selepas 30 minit selepas kejadian kilat serta ribut petir barulah boleh dianggap selamat.

A. LANGKAH KESELAMATAN APABILA BERADA DI DALAM BANGUNAN

1. Matikan semua peralatan elektrik dan tanggalkan plag dari soket dinding jika perlu.

2. JANGAN gunakan talipon talian rumah/pejabat gunakan talipon bimbit jika perlu sahaja

3. Jangan duduk berhampiran pintu dan tingkap yang menghadap luar rumah.

4. Elakkan berada di bilik air atau paip air yang diperbuat daripada besi.

B. LANGKAH KESELAMATAN APABILA BERADA DI LUAR RUMAH

1. Cari perlindungan di bangunan besar seperti kedai, pejabat dan rumah yang mempunyai besi penahan kilat (lightning arrestor).

2. Jika tidak cari perlindungan dalam kereta, van, lori dimana semua tingkap ditutup rapat.

3. Jika tiada berlindung dikawasan rendah yang tiada objek logam seperti dalam parit, longkang, tanah berlekuk dan sebagainya.

4. Boleh mencari perlindungan di kawasan hutan tebal yang dikelilingi pokok-pokok yang banyak serta sama tingginya.

5. APABILA berada dalam kumpulan PASTIKAN jarak anda dengan rakan anda yang lain antara 15 kaki ke 20 kaki.

6. DUDUK dalam keadaan menyangkung, kaki dirapatkan dan letak tangan pada telinga.

7. JANGAN berlindung di Pondok Talipon, Pondok Bas, Bangsal, Khemah, Di Bawah Pokok.

8. JANGAN berada di Kawasan Lapang, Padang Bola, Padang Golf.

9. JANGAN berada di Kawasan Berair seperti Tasik, Sungai, Paya, Kolam Mandi, Taman Tema Air dan sebagainya.

10. JANGAN berada di tanah tinggi, Gunung dan Bukit.

11. JANGAN berada di tempat yang ada dua unsur seperti Batu dengan Tanah, Air dengan Darat, Pokok dan Tanah.

12. JANGAN berada ditempat berhampiran logam seperti Pagar, Tiang Talipon, Tiang Elektrik.

13. APABILA berada dalam bot diatas air dan anda tidak sempat ke daratan pastikan anda DUDUK rendah ditengah bot,

14. JANGAN letakkan tangan dan kaki anda ke dalam air.

SUMBER : NIOSH Malaysia.

Carbon Monoxide Impact

Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless and tasteless, but highly toxic. It combines with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which is ineffective for delivering oxygen to bodily tissues. This condition is known as anoxemia.

Concentrations as low as 667 ppm may cause up to 50% of the body's hemoglobin to convert to carboxyhemoglobin. A level of 50% carboxyhemoglobin may result in seizure, coma, and fatality. In the United States, the OSHA limits long-term workplace exposure levels above 50 ppm.

The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning may resemble other types of poisonings and infections, including symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Infants may be irritable and feed poorly. Neurological signs include confusion, disorientation, visual disturbance, syncope and seizures.

Some descriptions of carbon monoxide poisoning include retinal hemorrhages, and an abnormal cherry-red blood hue. In most clinical diagnoses these signs are seldom seen.

Carbon monoxide binds to other molecules such as myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. Exposures to carbon monoxide may cause significant damage to the heart and central nervous system, especially to the globus pallidus, often with long-term sequelae. Carbon monoxide may have severe adverse effects on the fetus of a pregnant woman.

The danger signs

Carbon monoxide may be present if there are any of the following danger signs:

· Gas flames that normally burn blue burn orange or yellow instead.

· Sooty stains appear on or just above appliances, regardless of the fuel being burnt.

· Coal or wood fires burn slowly or go out.

· The fire is difficult to light.

· The room is not properly ventilated.

· The chimney or flue is blocked - watch out for smoke in the room.

Key Safety Messages & Facts

1. Carbon monoxide can result from burning all fossil fuels - not just gas fires and boilers.

2. It is important to ensure rooms are ventilated - never block vents. If double glazing or draught-proofing is fitted, make sure there is still enough air circulating for any heaters in the room.

3. Boilers and heating systems and appliances should be installed, maintained and regularly serviced by a competent engineer.

4. If you have recently moved, check when your boiler or heating appliances were last serviced.

5. Gas flames burning orange or yellow instead of blue may indicate the presence of carbon monoxide.

6. Never cook on a barbecue indoors - the charcoal gives off carbon monoxide.

7. If you develop any of the following unexplained symptoms - drowsiness, headaches, chest pains, giddiness, sickness, diarrhoea, stomach pains - you could be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Switch off your appliances and see your doctor at once.

SAFETY TIPS - Do not take easy when checking into your hotel room.

Don’t let it happen…

After checking into a room,

Look for information in room about fire safety and read to become familiar with nearest fire exit / stairway. Locate nearest fire exit. Find one at each end of the hallway. How many doors away? Does the door open easily? Are the exit signs illuminated? If the lights are out, be helpful and contact the front desk to let them know. Is the stairwell clear of debris? Make a note on the back of the business card that you place by your bed noting the number of doors away to the emergency exit, in each direction, and the location of the fire extinguisher and fire pull box.

TIPS FOR USING MEDICINE SAFELY

SOME DON'Ts:

* Do not discontinue your medicine without consulting your doctor.

* Do not take more or less than the amount prescribed.

* Do not use someone else's medicine.

* Do not mix your medicine with alcohol.

* Do not crush or chew your medicine unless you check with your doctor or pharmacist. Some medications (eg: long acting formulations) have special coating and cannot be crushed.

* Do not keep medicines that have lost their labels, passed the expiry date, changed or decayed.

* Do not take the medicine unless you understand the instructions for using them safely.

* Do not leave your medicine in an automobile for long period.

* Do not keep outdated/expired medicine or medicine that is no longer need.

SOURCE: NIOSH INFO

Every Where, Every Time...

We are always careless about our life. We just take easy and make it simple, although it "DANGER" ...Look at this :

Hopefully, we are not a part from them....and as a human, try to advice those who are "DON'T KNOW" about DEATH...

BEWARE…WHEN IN THE REST ROOM?

Sharply look on to this picture. What are you seeing? Is it still life? Or death already? Whatever are you thinking in your mind? You must beware when you entering rest room. Anything can happen….like this…

Accidental Fires

The term refers to all fires other than those which have been deliberately or maliciously started.

The common causes of major accidental fires in the workplace fall under the broad headings of:

➤ Electrical appliances and installations

➤ Cookers, associated cooking equipment and installations

➤ Naked lights and flames

➤ Heaters and heating systems

➤ Chemical and LPG (hazardous materials)

➤ Smokers and smokers’ materials

➤ Waste and waste management systems

➤ Other significant causes.

Just For You

Let’s improve our knowledges about OSH…Don’t Forget to listen SALAM FM

Don't Lose Your Business

A serious fire in a workplace that results from inadequate management of fire safety matters can begin a spiral of events that may result in total business failure.

Methods That Can Help You Sleep Fast

In common practice, there are many ways to deal with sleeplessness. You must have heard or tried some methods when you have trouble falling asleep at night. Here are some effective methods which have helped many people. You need to try them in order to find out their effectiveness. Hopefully there is one that works for you.

1. Do these steps prior to going to bed: clench your fists, then slowly release them. Shake loose your hands. Repeat steps several times. Relax your mind, then go to bed. You will easily fall asleep.

2. Rub and pull your fingers one by one with two fingers from the other hand until the fingers are relatively warm. Switch hands to work on other fingers. This can stabilize your emotion and have slight hypnotizing effect to put you to sleep.

3. Soak feet before going to bed with warm water for ten minutes to dredge the blood flow in order to let you fall asleep easier.

4. Free up all the distracting matters from you mind and pray sincerely. If you are not religious, you can count numbers instead.

5. Before going to bed, lie down on a hard floor (e.g., wood, tiles, etc.) with a hard block as a pillow (or thick books). Relax yourself, close your eyes and take deep breaths slowly for five minutes or more. Then lie down on bed on your back and continue with eyes closed, deep breaths and relaxation. When you are in a state of peace, shift to your usual, comfortable sleeping position. You will fall asleep immediately.

6. Drink a glass of apple juice with one teaspoon of honey before going to bed.

7. Drink a cup of warm water with a tablespoon of vinegar before going to bed.

8. Drink a glass of milk before going to bed.

9. Drink a glass of sweetened water before bed. This is to promote a large amount of serotonin which can generate a sense of drowsiness.


THERAPIES FOR THOSE WHO FIND IT HARD TO SLEEP. DON'T ASK ME WHETHER THEY ARE EFFECTIVE BECAUSE I NEVER HAD DIFFICULTY IN SLEEPING... JUST SHARE

Occupational Safety and Health in Education Institutes Conference

KUANTAN, 5 Jul – There are 7 paperwork’s were presented by OSH Specialist during Occupational Safety and Health in Education Institutes Conference that was held at Universiti Malaysia Pahang. This program was represented by OSH Officer, Science Officers, Security Officers, and students. In the assumption, nearly 300 candidates joined this conference.

Morning Session, program started with opening ceremony that was official by Deputy Minister of Human Resources, YB Sanator Dato’ Maznah Mazlan (pict). In her voice, she said, “Safety and Health is important, all Malaysian must take serious about accident during work”. She proved with facts about the numbers of worker that fail during work which a part from them died. She also launched OSH motto “ Satu Tekad Pekerja Selamat”

After ceremony, conference was started.

This is the summary from that conference:

Paper Work 1: Perundangan & Pelan Induk KKP by representative of Ir. Hj. Saiful Azhar b. Mohd Said from DOSH.

- Description about OSH Master Plan 15 for Malaysia.

- Description about Phase by Phase of Strategic Driver to achieve Safety Culture

- Description about our role in OSH.

Paper Work 2: UMP: Peneraju di dalam KKP dan Envi bg. Pembangunan Insan di Malaysia by Assc. Prof. Dr. Fadzil B. Mohd Idris from UMP.

- Deeply explaination about courses at UMP that related to OSH.

Paper Work 3: Recent Priority Issues for Occup Health in Japan by Prof. Ken Takahashi for JICA.

- Explaination about 4 Area of OSH Management.

- Priority Issues (Health, Work, Envi, Overall)

- Clearly explain about OSH University at Japan.

Paper Work 4: Trend Kemalangan Industri Masakini by Dr. Mohammed Azman b. Aziz Mohammed from PERKESO.

- SOCSO data, Strategies to reduce and prevent accidents.

Paper Work 5: Perkongsian Pengalaman-Pengurusan Keselamatan di Makmal by Pn. Noor Azimah bt. Sulaiman from Chemistry Department of Malaysia.

- Servicing Training, OSH Week, OSH Bulletins, OSH Info.

Paper Work 6: OSHMS by Hj. Mohamad Saifullah b. Che Idris from NIOSH Malaysia.

-Why need OSHMS, Safety Concept, OSHA 1994

Paper Work 7: HIRARC by En. Izani b. Mohd Zain from DOSH Malaysia.

-Principle of Risk Management

-Element, Step, Identify, Matrix Risk, dan Control.

Personal Protective Equipment

Why we need PPE?
- to protect the wearer's body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, and in sports, martial arts, combat, etc. e.g : protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or safety shoe.
- to protect the working environment from pesticide application, pollution or infection from the worker (for example in a microchip factory). The protection may be important in both ways, as with the use of disposable gloves by surgeons and dentists.

In British legislation the term PPE does not cover items such as armour. The terms "protective gear" and "protective clothing" are in many cases interchangeable; "protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "gear" is a more general term and preferably means uniquely protective categories, such as pads, guards, shields, masks, etc.